[RTHK-S] Sinking Islands - 沉沒的國度 (2012) [5/5] **COMPLETE**

[RTHK-S] Sinking Islands - 沉沒的國度



[RTHK-S] Sinking Islands - 沉沒的國度 [5/5]

Episode 1 :: May 27, 2012

Spoiler: Screenshots

http://bitshare.com/files/828gt826/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-01.rmvb.html
http://www.filefactory.com/file/4pekbij9ww0r/n/_RTHK_Sinking_Islands_CH_01_rmvb
http://freakshare.com/files/v3gijgmg/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-01.rmvb.html

Spoiler: Summary

Kiribati, a strange name, a lot of people never heard of the place, it is located in the central Pacific, a very simple island, the island did not industrial, residents rely on fishing for their livelihood; Jilibasi the national population of about 100,000. The land area is about 800 square kilometers, consisting of 33 islands, the economic zone of more than three million square kilometers, has a very rich marine resources. The Jili Ba has also set up the world's second largest marine protected areas.

Islanders originally lived a simple life, but with the impact of global warming in the 1990s, when the capital of Tarawa in Jilibasi 4 km west of the island-Bikeman completely submerged, the islanders began to realize that climate change as they sounded the alarm.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report predicts that in 2007, to 2100, global sea level may rise about 59 cm. The latest forecast or inclination even larger increase. To the end of this century, Kiribati would suffer a serious threat of storm surge, part of the land, including the airport will be submerged, the salinization of fresh water will be exacerbated, no longer fit for human habitation.

Flooded JI island-Bikeman, was originally a very beautiful island, the island was again shallots, residents will often sail their fishing boats to the island for a picnic, but also because of the British Prince of Wales Charles has visited well-known local island also call it "the king of the island. Local legend: If you are approaching it, if their first names, it will offend the gods, causing the boat to turn people getting killed. Bikeman How to legend, it is merciless sea water covered in the underwater world in order to glimpse into the Bikeman, presided over the try my first time diving: "the degree of both the water clear, coral Haojing, heavy to see it a tripod, the original Department of a lighthouse used to send some signals drainage to both the position to know than the ships, home Bei underwater see both Bikeman a regrets only feeling! "

The Bikeman Jilibasi a sunken island, followed by another in the south of the island also disappeared above sea level. On an altitude of less than three meters high, island, the survival of the future has already sounded the alarm.

To explore the the Bikeman sinking In addition to the part subject to sea water rise, scholars believe that it is itself fragile geological and human factors is an important reason.

According to the South Pacific Organizations geology consultant Arthur Webb says, Bikeman is a sand dune, its composition is dominated by sand, as early as 50-60 years ago, it will change due to ocean currents, but the state is relatively stable; And now, it is seawater flooded completely cover the plant on the island completely disappear when the water to recede, almost in fact, Voyage to a sandbar.

Attributed to the construction of the causeway in the 1990s while for Bikeman sinking, local residents, the causeway dam between the islands. Before the construction of the causeway is not, from north to south currents flowing unimpeded, the Bikeman part of the sand and mud washed away by ocean currents, but because the circulation of ocean currents, sand and mud will no longer be brought back to the Bikeman, to be supplemented.

But unfortunately, because the construction of the causeway, the blocking of the original flow direction of ocean currents, and washed away the sand and mud can not be with water reflux, but accumulate in the shore of the causeway, over time, the legendary island disappear .

The Bikeman sinking, from the president down to the Islanders, all feel sorry for the. Dr. Mckenzie, the native Jilibasi, although the early years of an emigrated to New Zealand, but from time to time have a medal of honor home; because the working relationship in recent years, a return to Kiribati, as the principal of the University of the South Pacific Campus, for their own country to be sunk, he is a good feeling: "In my mind, a text of family culture and land is our roots, the root represents a text family."

Global warming is already a fact, according to the report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to predict the end of this century, the worst-case scenario, global temperatures will rise 6.4 degrees Celsius, while sea levels will rise by 59 cm . This prediction still retained in the scientific community, but the rise in sea level, some waterfront lowland, is a real threat.

Jilibasi President - Anote Tong said: "slight sea level rise has been make to our country seriously threatened, when our land was submerged, our civilization do not want the beginning disappeared above the Earth."

Episode 2 :: June 2, 2012

Spoiler: Screenshots

http://rapidgator.net/file/15074868/[RTHK]_Sinking_Islands_CH_02.rmvb.html
http://www.filefactory.com/file/313g8g1io4t3/n/_RTHK_Sinking_Islands_CH_02_rmvb
http://bitshare.com/files/jtryd5n3/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-02.rmvb.html
http://freakshare.com/files/xlosp5gm/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-02.rmvb.html

Spoiler: Summary

2007, No. 4, Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), confirmed the last one hundred years the average global temperature rise of 0.7 degrees, warming the whole world, the most direct impact on sea swell, mountain glaciers, the grid Ling Lan and polar ice caps melt, causing sea levels to rise, first in the Pacific island nations - Kiribati, the highest point in the capital Tarawa is only 3 meters high; according to the New Zealand weather experts Doug Ramsay, Australia Bureau of Meteorology in the South Pacific in 1993 to install 12 water level monitor, which one is installed in Jilibasi capital Tarawa measured to record the same with the IPCC; This means that the water levels rising, Ji Liba will cause serious threat.

Global warming is not just the sea levels rise, but even the threat posed by climate change. 58 years ago, is a native of Hong Kong Bo-Ji Liba put down roots in the restaurant for decades, his experience to the extreme weather changes: "what degree of local Well, Mao Shan, all the Department level, winds, a lot of room will be blown down, tried many times, my dining-rooms, do GOD water into the arrival of motor roads, heavy 2-inch weigh into the water, GOD rain suddenly meantime Drainage Li array, the long-generous weather, no rain, and the home into a six months head fall the rain. "

From the meteorological point of view, is located in the South Pacific Jilibasi will not fight the wind, but rolled up in the Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone the winds and waves, called storm surge, it can also affect Jilibasi, coupled with sea level rise in the relationship between the power of the storm surge will become increasingly powerful. In 2005, Kiribati had been an exceptionally severe storm surge, and a living village to be an emergency evacuation of hundreds of people, after the result of storm surge, the whole village was flooded Shen houses were destroyed, causing the villagers homeless. Witnessed the storm surge comes the villagers Estemin, is still vivid in my mind, "in the middle of the night, we woke up and saw inside the house all the flooding, we take care of the boy, and then moved to the stage furniture, etc., and then stay stay standing until the water to recede so far, nothing, cement has been washed away; we want to go home, but there simply can not live. "

Jilibasi also not completely submerged by the sea, in fact, local residents have deep experience to the global warming crisis for them. Wells is the only source of potable water the Jilibasi people, but well inside the water has been through can not for drinking, with the sea-level rise coupled with storm surge hit, the sea will soil flooded cover groundwater will become increasingly salty, well inside the water main is used to flush toilets and laundry; Jilibasi people how to solve the problem of potable water? Almost every household's behind the house are equipped with two vats, barrel with a hose connection to the roof location, during the rain, the roof into a small catchment area, the rain will go through the roof, through the pipe drop Kiribati potable water to the barrel, you can imagine looking into the sky and hanging.

Coupled with groundwater salinization, planting becomes very difficult former Jilibasi people like to eat something called plants of pulaka, like we eat taro, their only vegetable species of food, but with the water infiltration, the plants can not survive; coupled with the local price is extremely expensive, and local residents for each meal they can eat their catch to fish and a small amount of meat; therefore, their thirties and forties has been riddled with rebirth, the average life expectancy of less than 50 years old .

Always with Taiwan has diplomatic relations Jilibasi cooperation agreement signed in 2004, sent by the Taiwan Technical Mission to teach the Islanders farming and farming techniques, hoping to meet their urgent needs for nationals temporarily. The other hand, Kiribati Government for the sake of nationals continue to multiply it, with the neighboring countries such as New Zealand established the Admission of Talents Scheme, part of the National moved to foreign countries, but can be granted the number is always less the story of the Aroma lucky; in Jilibasi originally served as primary school teachers in July through the plan was selected to emigrate to New Zealand, the elderly in the local hospital to do the servo work, although she did not want to put down the teaching work. but no alternative but to accept.

Focus on economic development in developing countries, while developed countries adhere to the National continue to enjoy the over-comfortable life, and reduce greenhouse gas targets to become distant, nor is the primary task of all countries, and most ironically, suffer despite emissions from the island of the least greenhouse gases. Most scientists make projections, it is estimated that this mid-century, there may be up to two hundred million climate refugees. Potable water, food, competition for land becomes more intense.

The next episode, I have to go to the Maldives, this resort known as a paradise on earth, but also escape the slowly sinking into the sea only bad luck to become climate refugees, in order to avoid the National Government of Maldives will be how to build a new home for the National?

Episode 3 :: June 9, 2012

Spoiler: Screenshots

http://rapidgator.net/file/17297462/[RTHK]_Sinking_Islands_CH_03.rmvb.html
http://bitshare.com/files/bmazr7ub/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-03.rmvb.html
http://www.filefactory.com/file/1dv6j75f1shd/n/_RTHK_Sinking_Islands_CH_03_rmvb
http://freakshare.com/files/vdmi1px6/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-03.rmvb.html

Spoiler: Summary

But with the global warming, sea levels rise, face the misfortune of being submerged in this century, the Maldives, an average elevation of less than one meter.

Twenty-six atolls, 1,100 90 Shanshan Island, Maldives in the Indian Ocean with a total area including land and sea, to 90 000 square kilometers. The blue sea, white sandy beaches, luxurious hotels, the colorful underwater world, the Maldives a vacation paradise.

In 2007, the Fourth Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), pointed out to the end of the century, global sea level will rise about 60 cm. What is more, in recent years, the snow of Greenland and Antarctica are melting faster to accelerate, many scientists worry that sea level rise could be double the previous. If so, this lotus island of the Maldives, the next the world did not disappear on the horizon.

The dining-room in the local business Emalu frankly worried about rising seas, but they reluctantly accepted: climate is changing, and from time to time there will be water to rise to our home, many houses were destroyed the sea, in the face of climate change, we escape can not, because here is our home, we do not want to leave. "According to the latest government statistics, the Maldives 100,000 population, about 100,000 people live in the capital Male, the remaining 20 million people live dispersed in about 200 coral islands and 164 coral islands, has been serious erosion by the sea. In addition, the Islanders have a source of drinking water was also sea level rise and salinization, tap water now only be used for laundry and cleaning purposes. In order to solve the water problem, the Maldives residents per household are used to drinking bottled water, but the discarded water bottles for the Maldives to bring serious pollution problems; the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) representative in the Maldives, said to solve the problem of potable water salinization. The best method is to collect and store rain water in the jug, can also make use of desalination method, but this method is a lot of money and consume more energy, renewable energy technologies, the use of fossil fuels and increase carbon emissions volume.

Carbon dioxide can affect the ecology of the five mass extinctions have occurred on Earth, their common point is a very high concentration of carbon dioxide; the Jurassic Period 180 million years ago, for example, when the concentration of carbon dioxide to 1000/80000 and, more importantly, carbon dioxide will lead to ocean acidification, resulting in the death of marine organisms, thereby triggering the mass extinction of species. According to scientists, in the past four dozen million years, about one hundred and eighty millionths to two hundred and eighty millionths of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. 2009, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has reached 387/80000, beyond the upper limit of the past four dozen years, means that I will face more and more extreme weather.

The fishing industry is the pillar of Maldivian economy, global warming make the Maldives the catch reduced production. Australia work at a local marine biologist Kate Wilson, pointed out that the warming of the oceans will not make coral bleaching, but also affect the feeding habits of the fish and change their routes, the Maldives to export tuna fish mainly tuna number has decline in losses to the Maldives economy.

The face of climate change impact, the Maldives government has prepared a series of measures, including the establishment of the special fund to other countries to buy land use; artificial island construction and principles to pursue carbon-Hulhumale 'in the vicinity of the capital, Male; and the development of a series of emission reduction programs, hoping to become the first carbon and the country.

Outside of the effectiveness of the measures is good, quite a few local hotels to match the addition to the development of renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, scientists have to educate local residents forever farming, the implementation of scientific and natural farming and other land to the sustainable development of .

For us, the Maldives is just a resort, we are a passing; but for the locals, the Maldives is their roots, is the home of their generation to generation; we are from the days of sea water Shen is still far but the fight against global warming, protecting the earth is our common goal.

Global warming present for the country of one half of the country less than one meter, is a time bomb; the next episode of "sunk country," we will go to another country by sea-level rise threat - Netherlands ; the Dutch government in 1953 due to floods caused 1,800 deaths, 70,000 people homeless, so he started a world-renowned "Delta Project", but under the threat of global warming, rising sea levels, "Delta Project "can stand? In addition, the Dutch again how to deal with the threat posed by rising sea levels.

Episode 4 :: June 16, 2012

Spoiler: Screenshots

http://rapidgator.net/file/18829309/[RTHK]_Sinking_Islands_CH_04.rmvb.html
http://www.filefactory.com/file/1dnyn70nv81r/n/_RTHK_Sinking_Islands_CH_04_rmvb
http://bitshare.com/files/agrysb03/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-04.rmvb.html
http://freakshare.com/files/0uqq6lde/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-04.rmvb.html

Spoiler: Summary

Global warming, the current for a half of the country less than one meter of countries, is a time bomb; this set "sunk country," we will come to another by the threat of sea level rise countries - the Netherlands.

Netherlands-bit Western Europe, the west near the North Sea, land distribution in the delta of four rivers intersection. Load the text, the Netherlands called Netherland, Nether meaning lowland. Netherlands, nearly 40 percent of the land is below sea level, is a truly low-lying countries. The ocean created the prosperity of the Dutch shipping industry and the fishing industry, but at the same time, the ocean is the enemy of the Netherlands.

In Dutch history, the occurrence of numerous large and small floods cause maximum casualties to a disastrous floods occurred in the 31 of January 1953. Happens to be the astronomical tide, sea water is several times higher than normal water level, but at the same time, a strong storm over the North Sea, strong winds, rising water pushed to the Dutch coast, strong winds caused by the storm surge overwhelming. Experience finished the destruction of the Second World War, the Dutch part of the dam has fallen into disrepair, unable to resist the super floods as a result, southwest of the Netherlands each of seawall collapse, most of the infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, electricity supply, destroyed, and made 70,000 people homeless, more than 1,800 people were killed; flood not only the Dutch live in fear, also inspired new thinking on flood control.

"Water is our friend, our enemy, the devastating floods of 1953 made us live in fear. We have said, that will never let the flood to happen again," the vice governor of South Holland Dwarshuis de Beek said. Dutch government in 1958 launched the world famous Delta Works. The works include the sea in the Netherlands, the three main construction of large dams, the other also in the inland river dykes, or the construction of the sluice. When the storm surge coming, the influx of flood from the North Sea, dams can block the strong tide. Inland flooding, the sluice gates will open the flood relief. In addition to flood control, the "Delta Project" to ensure that the channel unimpeded, Masi Lang Dam located outside the port of Rotterdam has taken an innovative design - the mobile gate. When the water level is normal, the two gates will be open to facilitate vessel access; but when the water level rises to more than three meters above the horizontal plane, two gates will float, go to the river on the middle off. The total length of about 16,500 km of the dam project, designed to withstand years a case of Haihong. The project is large and complex, with a total of 40 years to complete, while the total expenditure of up to 5 billion euros.

European popular proverb, "God created the Earth, the Dutch created the Netherlands". In the mid-nineteenth century, the Netherlands used to have about ten thousand windmills, they use the wind to help the grinding of cereals and sawn timber, the side of the dam next to the windmill more to take away the stagnant water of the lake and marsh area inside, the implementation of the sea become Kuwata, Therefore, the Netherlands is also known as the "windmill Kingdom. In 1958, Dutch sea made to expand lasted four decades, the world's largest dam project, the dam in addition to block seawater intrusion, while also confining.
After centuries of artificial, so that the land area of ​​the Netherlands has almost doubled outside also led the Dutch government recognize that, under the effects of global warming, by artificial means to block the flood reinforcements of dollars; Some scholars have estimated this century, the Netherlands, most of the lowland country, "said the water level will rise by 40 cm; the other hand, because of the torrential rain become frequent relationship between the Rhine water flow will be increased to ten thousand per second six thousand tons. Face the future with greater water threat, the Dutch government decided to have changed their strategy, the implementation of the "Work With Nature, to co-exist with the water communion.
Inclusive program of the Government's co-exist with the water, in addition to the consolidation of the existing flood control facilities, but also to implement a series of policies, such as the construction of the current sand machine, sand machine design through deep-sea dredging, and then near-shore location sand artificial Peninsula, after months and years, the northwest wind the sand to the coast, the ultimate purpose is to make this with a beach become broader. The one hand, open space, but also can resist the big waves brought about by the conflict in the North Sea storm is killing two birds with one stone works.

On the other hand, the Dutch government to encourage private institutions to be creative, to build peace together with the natural harmony of the floating house. In fact, the concept of floating homes on the Dutch fresh, floating house formerly known as houseboats; waterway aspect of the Netherlands, the locals already living in the history of the houseboat in Amsterdam, the size of the canal above, today still parked by the old boat converted from the houseboat. However, in the 1970s, the government in order to ensure that health and river unimpeded, has stopped developing new houseboat license, but because in recent years, housing a small, rising rents, also makes a lot of people to consider living on a houseboat. The houseboat can be reduced with the the Hohai struggle for land, but failed to meet modern living requirements, so the designer to devise a more complete floating house. Designer Koen pointed out that the floating house key is the bottom layer, this layer is built of concrete, but as long as the calculated buoyancy is greater than gravity, this space has become the buoyant foundation, to build houses in the above principle with steel vessel. In addition, next to each house will have two iron posts connected to each other, with activities ring, floating homes will follow the buoyancy of the water when the water level rise, and rise; the time when the water level dropped, the floating homes followed.

Since the advent of the first floating house in the Netherlands, more and more people accept this new concept of manufacturing orders have been increasing. The Government of the Netherlands in recent years to encourage manufacturers to make the original construction of the houseboat company focused on the construction of a floating house, and designers to further enhance the entire space. Designer Koen intend to Ji read the floating house expanded to a floating building or floating cities, "we can create 100 x 100-meter floating homes, and even larger floating buildings, or entire floating island".

Is difficult to estimate when they will see floating buildings, floating island, and even floating cities, because to do electricity and potable water self-sufficiency, there are environmentally-friendly sewage disposal method, you need time to be resolved. Water blueprint for the coexistence in the Netherlands and the water will become them, and even the blueprint of the other coastal states in the future?

Episode 5 :: June 23, 2012

Spoiler: Screenshots

http://rapidgator.net/file/20797903/
http://www.filefactory.com/file/8qrwtzphtz3/n/_RTHK_Sinking_Islands_CH_05_rmvb
http://bitshare.com/files/3s28emhx/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-05.rmvb.html
http://freakshare.com/files/rzku1izy/-RTHK--Sinking-Islands-CH-05.rmvb.html

Spoiler: Summary

According to a report published by the Guangdong Academy of Sciences in 2003, Guangdong Province along the sea level to 2030 may rise to 30 cm. Coastal areas with some of the island by the tide flooded; Hong Kong mountainous, high altitude, although the situation is not under the disappearance of the horizon, but many species are threatened with extinction.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Center for Atmospheric Research Professor Alexis LAU pointed out that the large urban agglomerations of the Asian coast, the more serious impact than the rise in sea height of storm surges, but due to the rise of the sea. If a storm surge to three meters high, Dongguan, Zhuhai, Zhongshan have been flooded; If you go to four meters high, almost Guangzhou will be submerged. The storm surge of three to four meters high, a few years may have an opportunity. Hong Kong's economy is closely linked to the Pearl River Delta, if the PRD is submerged, Hong Kong will certainly be affected, food, water is transported from the Pearl River Delta, the price may rise, which had to consider.

Global warming, in addition to affecting our human part of the species threatened with extinction. The Red Nanmu of our small number of alpine tree species, distributed in the mountains of Tai Mo Shan, Ma On Shan and the Phoenix Mountains. PENG Jun, a doctoral student of the University of Hong Kong College of Biological Sciences, Chao, red Nan tree growth under the global warming. He pointed out that in the Highlands will find some typical lowland plants, lowland plants began to invade part of the alpine zone, they can be covered in a short time to the red Nan, affect the growth of red Nan. If the warming does not improve red Nan may be extinct in Hong Kong, resulting in a regional extinction, and the entire planet's biodiversity will reduce.

When red Nan facing extinction at the same time, life in Tai Mo Shan spinosa also have to face a severe crisis. Song Yixi is also a doctoral student of the University of Hong Kong School of Biological Sciences, specializing in the ecology of amphibians and reptiles. He pointed out that the the spinosa distribution is very narrow, probably only to find a place more than four hundred to six hundred meters of the horizontal line. Play a very important role in the food chain, prey on the river insects, other frogs and animals. Them requires a great deal of water, especially in breeding, close to the water, or lay eggs in water. Global warming bring unsettled weather, such as a sudden heavy rain, drought. Once the water level rise, will the eggs washed away, if the persistent drought spinosa is no suitable place to lay eggs, and living space will be reduced gradually.

In addition to terrestrial organisms by climate change, louder, the fragile marine ecosystem is under serious threat. UK Hadley Climate Research Center data show that the average temperature of the sea has risen by about 0.7 degrees in the 20th century. The coral one-third of marine organisms to provide food and habitat, also record the change of centuries seawater temperature. Coral research experts Dr.Goodkin in Bermuda for many years of research, coral texture x-ray shows the extrapolated Bermuda sea water temperature change. Small ice age to 1970, the sea rose by an average of 1.5 degrees Celsius. Of rising sea temperatures, coral is a disaster, because the coral can only tolerate a water temperature of 30 degrees Celsius, if we exceed this limit, the sojourn in the body of the coral zooxanthellae leave the coral appear albino. Global coral bleaching is now more serious, loss of coral, marine biodiversity must be destroyed.

Coral outside the University of Hong Kong in a test of global warming on the shore molluscs produced by the impact. According to Dr. Grey, William, director of the Institute of Marine Science of the University of Hong Kong to explain the annual summer, part of the shore mollusks are due to high temperature and death on Earth there are one or two species to disappear, the whole ecological environment will cause unpredictable impact.

Another University of Hong Kong Institute of Marine Science Assistant Professor Dr.Rajan, responsible for the study of marine larval ecology, in his recent study found that Hong Kong oyster larvae died due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration of the seawater. When the water absorption of carbon dioxide, seawater carbon dioxide concentrations will continue to increase, a hundred years later, seawater pH is expected to be 8.1 to 7.9, when pH decreased, the growth of sea water acidification, will impede the bones and shells of marine organisms, oysters larvae without shells the protection is hard to survive, the oyster larvae to cover his tracks, oysters naturally disappear in Hong Kong. On the other hand, the sea to warm, so that the original migration of oysters in the colder waters in Hong Kong, native species decrease gradually due to environmental changes. Millions of oysters for a living population, and therefore involved.

Many ecologists have estimated that global warming will lead to a large number of extinction at the end of the century, the Earth's food chain will be hit hard, into an irrevocable Hao Jie. Though global warming is a difficult political issues, but as the crown of creation, we should be wise to transition toward the low-carbon life, together to create a sustainable civilization on Earth.